Tutoring And Teaching Of The Classroom - 1804 Words

Tutoring and Teaching of the Classroom Introduction I thoroughly enjoyed the time that I spent volunteering at Oasis. This experience introduced me to working with students whose first language is not English as well as not always being motivated to complete the daily activities. In this paper, I will briefly describe the program there at Oasis as well as to tie the concepts we learned in class into my experience there at Oasis. Also, I will reflect on my experiences and how they will alter my teaching approach in the future. Oasis Catolico Santa Rafaela The Oasis Catolico Santa Rafaela program was founded by the Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 2002. Since the Oasis program has begun, the sisters have served countless families†¦show more content†¦The classrooms are set up as a room per grade level. In each classroom, there are basic classroom materials: tables and chairs as well as various manipulatives that can be used in the lessons. At each of the tables is a box full of different manipulatives for the tutors to use in various activities. Some of the materials in the boxes change each week as the boxes move from table to table; so each tutor must be sure to complete the activity with the new information for that week. This semester, I continued to volunteer in the Kindergarten classroom there at Oasis. I was fortunate enough to work with the same kids as I did during the fall semester. At my table there are two students both of age six. Neither of these two students have major excep tionalities; however, from working with them both closely for a long period of time I was able to pick up on the way I needed to work with them. One of my girls, Bree (a pseudonym), needs a lot of attention, most of the time she will need your full attention to keep her focused and on task. If Bree is not given the type of attention that she needs then she will give up. The other student, Roxie (a pseudonym), does not need as much attention as Bree does. If you are doing a group activity, such as having both of the girls taking turn reading a page of a book. Roxie tends conquer the difficult words with little help. The two girls work extremely wellShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Students With The Tutoring Center Have A Higher Gpa By. O29880 Words   |  4 PagesRievert Professor Glady-Teschendorf ENG 112 8 Feb. 2016 Tutoring According to Eric Cooper â€Å"students that visit the tutoring center have a higher GPA by .o29.† This may not seem like much but it can be a difference of failing or passing a class. If public schools don t meet a certain standards the No Child Left Behind law will take affect making the school provide extra academic help (Tucker 1). Many people do not realize the power of tutoring and do not understand all the benefits that it can produceRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Coaching Classroom879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Coaching Classroom In my high school, coaches are required to teach a class and many of them teach a core class that all students have to take. But with their busy schedules, how are they supposed to maintain a good classroom? High school coaches teaching core classes may have less structured classrooms and provide less tutoring time, which may result in different student success. Since coaches time is limited, they do not have time to set up they re class in an effective manner. RegularRead MoreProfessional Development for Teachers Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful professional development. First let’s take a look and evaluate the classroom by observation to see what need to be improved. One idea that came to mind was some teacher were using peer tutoring as a tool to get out of instruction, thus they were not paying sufficient attention to the students as they worked. The article titled: Using Peer Tutoring to Facilitate Access discussed the findings of this teaching strategy in all levels of learning and basics subjects. This strategy has beenRead MoreEssay On Instructional Practices For Students With Emotional And Behavioural Disorder1453 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing academic deficiencies in an attempt to minimize inappropriate behavior (Vaughn et al., 2002) Teachers should cultivate a desire to learn in all students through academic interventions leading to curricular engagement as part of effective classroom management. This could potentially decrease problem behavior and increase academic success at the same time (Sutherland et al., 2008). There is little scientifically- based evidence discussing academic interventions for students with EBD, whichRead MoreEducational Policies For Students With Learning Disabilities Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagesof students with various learning styles and performance levels. Peer tutoring is an instructional learning strategy that allows educators to assist a diverse group of students. (Hughes Fredrick, 2006). Peer tutoring is not a new concept, but it has been empirically shown to be an effective one. Educational policies such as inclusion have made public school classrooms more diverse. According to recent literature, peer tutoring increases academic performance and improves social skills in studentsRead MoreTutoring : The Win Place Situation952 Words   |  4 PagesTutoring: The Win-Win Situation In a culture driven by self-interest, a community service requirement in school might not be such a bad idea. Community service offers an opportunity to give back to the community and learn an appreciation for the undermined people and jobs that help a community function. On college applications there is even a category for a perspective student to list all of his or her community service activities. Requiring high school students to serve a certain number of communityRead MoreTechnology Is Not Good For Students1623 Words   |  7 Pagesbut I disagree. Technology in the classroom is very important for students not only for their social, or learning lives but also when they get into the workforce. If students learn technology in their early years they will not have a difficult time when they enter the workforce to find that there is a lot of technology being used. Since the first affordable personal computer came out in the 1980’s technology has had a big impact on children in the K-12 grade classroom. As technology has become moreRead MoreElementary School Vs. Urban School Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pageswhere they aren’t in their comfort zone and see how they will react to the situation at hand. Moreover, this reflection will be broken down into a few elements and they are as followed Teacher Observation, Instructional Analysis, One on One tutoring and Group Tutoring. Each of these activities where just a few items that were done on my observation over the past five weeks Teacher Observation is the first element of this observation I will discuss. This action was one elements that I did the most whileRead MoreMy Agency Volunteer Work Takes Place At Busch Middle School998 Words   |  4 PagesUrban Future which offers after school tutoring, mentoring, transportation, and many other opportunities for the student’s education to be enriched. Busch Middle School typically enrolls around 300-400 6th, 7th, and 8th graders each year. Urban future relays mainly on volunteers to assist with the after school services they provide as well as project mangers that are in charge of running the programs at Busch Middle School. My volunteer work included tutoring 6th, 7th, and 8th graders in the resourceRead MoreReflection On Gpp3o1072 Words   |  5 PagesGPP3O: Summative C: Course Reflection: I decided to take GPP3O because of my interest in teaching and the science behind living a healthy life. I hoped that peer tutoring in a food and nutrition class would give me the chance to experience a teacher-like role in a class partially related to my field of interest. My expectations were met and I enjoyed a semester of growth as a tutor, as I also watched the tutees around me grow and learn. Throughout the course I have made connections with students

sun chief autobiography notes Essay - 755 Words

Home was Oraibi, the oldest inhabited town in the US. Pueblos Near grand canyon Hopi Indians been there for 800 years Don born 1890 Population 1000 Descendents from cliff dwellers Speak shoshonean Men were short 5-4 Hopi means peaceful people Kiva – underground religious chamber Rain in summer No government or surpreme chief The mans sisters son succeeds Village chief always happy Crier chief makes public decisions Don sun hill kiva group Exogamous and matriliniel Old spider woman who is the salt woman with grandsons Twin gods Corn mother and corn maiden gods Ceremonies are complicated Katcinas- ancestrial spirits Buffalo, butterfly, and eagle dances serious Wowochim ceremony November Soyal- December- don is in it Powamu- feb July†¦show more content†¦ght May 1906 went to rockyford, Colorado Worked 12 hour days for 15c an hour Sept 8 the friendlies were driving the hostilies out Some went to jail at fort wingate In November got news to go to a school in California , riverside He then wanted to be a white man He fell in love with lousie and kept giving her money He caught pneumonia In the dream he chose the wide path Masau’u was chasing him with a giant club Ollie queen is his new best girl lol Stayed in school till 1908 First boat ride in long beach cali Sex with mettie Katcinas cant drink water until midday Had sex with jane but doesn’t want to be with her wants to be with metti Had sex with eva He then fell in love with elsie who was mettie best friend and wants to marry elsie Married mettie Ira and don initiated into the wowochim in November Turn into a man after wowochim ceremony Had sex with eulla Didn’t marry mettie because her mom would be mad since they were related Washed heads with yucca suds Dons new name was Talayesva aka Sitting Tassel The man ceremony is 8 days long He was near 20 when he became a man Part of the Keles Fought his father and placed dirt into his mouth Natsi- twelve arrows or spearheads tied to a stick Hawk priest screeched Yunyaa means come in- women cried out to the hawk priest Hihikispi- something to breathe upon Named tanackmainewa after the soyal ceremony – means shining feathers of the road runner Bow height- awotabi When he became a man he decided not to follow jesus Christ anymoreShow MoreRelatedExploration Of Good And Evil In Rashomon1285 Words   |  6 Pages reflected in Kurosawa’s use of light and dark. 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Actor-Network Theory The ATM infrastructure

Question: Critical grasp of actor network theory and some additional concepts from the module. Work includes contemporary debates, issues and discussions. Links are successfully Discussed between the news stories and the computing assemblage. Answer: Introduction This article provides the clear concept of Actor Network Theory. It explains the concept that the actor and a network both are dependent on each other. This article provides the guidance on various terms, different terms, line actors, the black box, and a network, intermediate. It explains the concept that the actor and a network both are dependent on each other. It also explains the reasons for actor network theory for computing purposes. It mentioned the concept of ANT with the help of computing stories. Actor-Network Theory In the era of modern computing, every actant is dependent on each other to achieve a goal. Actor-Network Theory is related to entities, i.e. non-humans, and humans. They are tied together to achieve the assigned goal. The Actor-Network Theory is an integration of three different domains society, nature, and language. Actor-Network Theory is related to a network which is created between the non-humans, and humans to achieve a goal. The non-humans, and humans are active as actors or entities, and they are tied together to achieve the assigned goal. They get bind with each other with the help a network, i.e. the relationship is defined between them. The purpose of using this network is: for doing the analysis of science, a communication a network (computer based). The main focus of the Actor-Network Theory is in the infrastructure of the network, it does not have any concern related to the existence of the network, and there is equality among all the actors (related to the assigned work ). The non-humans and humans are interconnected with each other through a conceptual framework. This is called Actor-Network Theory. According to the Actor-Network Theory the non-humans and humans are tied to each other in the black boxes. The Actor-Network Theory is an integration of three different domains society, nature, and language. The end product of varying a network is different; it can be related to society, it can be related to technology, or it can be related to scientific facts. (Bosco, 1994). The society, and Nature are two main poles of this Theory. Nature is not man-made; it can only be observed, whereas the society is created by humans. A role or character is given to the actor, and he has to perform that character. The black box term means the non-humans, and humans are tied or sealed in a network to achieve goal. The more and more the box is strongly closed, the more reliable the network is. The actors are linked (or dependent on each other) with each other with the help of a network to achieve a common goal. The actors exchange, their messages with the help of intermediate. It acts as a source for providing missing links between the actors (Bosco, 1994). It has been argued that ANT does not provide proper explanations related to social processes. The reasons for using Actor-Network Theory for computing A goal cant be achieved without the help of actors. The Google Company has created a game AlphaGo, and it wins the first prize in the world champion. It has been created by Lee Sedol , and DeepMind. In this scenario, the Lee Sedol, and DeepMind both are actants (Asia Wired UK , 2016). The ANT theory helps in achieving the goal. The goal is assigned to employees and it is given to all the employees (the goal is divided into tasks). The employees work together to achieve the goal. They are connected to each other through a network or relationship. It also helps in managing the organization in better way. The various components related to the Actor-Network Theory Actor These are the entities that perform the different tasks. They can act as technological entities or they can act as social entities , and it depends on the requirement. A role or character is given to the actor , and he has to perform that character. Lets take an example of the money based system. A coin, a piece which is made from a metal , and it is an actant. Because it has some value, it is a source of money exchange, so it acts as an actor. So actor is a source that is used for representation. In this case,, the coin is a source that is used for representation. The Actor-Network Theory relates to a network of various elements like people, process,, and instruments , and it is also related to the use these things to achieve a specified goal it can be the launch of a new product or manufacturing of products, etc. (Wired UK, 2016). The black Box The black box is sealed all the elements in a box. In other terms, the non-humans, and humans are tied or sealed in a network to achieve goal. Take an example of the money based system. A coin, a piece which is made from a metal , and it is an actant. Because it has some value, it is a source of money exchange, so it acts as an actor. So actor is a source that is used for representation. In this scenario, the coin is a black box. The more and more the box is strongly closed, the more reliable the network is. A network The network is a relationship between the non-humans, and the humans, and it cant be determined. The network is consisting of two main elements one is people, and other is things. People, are the entities that are involved in various tasks like manufacturing, development, distribution, etc. Things are those entities that are used for connecting people,. The actors are linked (or dependent on each other) with each other with the help of a network to achieve a common goal. The different tasks are assigned to different actors , and they have worked differently on them. Intermediary It acts as a source for providing missing links between the actors. It can be any text, money, etc. that is helpful for creating proper transactions. The actors exchange, their messages with the help of intermediate. E.g. Apple Company is going to launch new iPhone7 and the employees of different teams IT team, HR team, etc. and hardware, software etc. all are actants. They are connected with each other through a network, and they are sharing different databases. They all are working together to achieve a goal (launch iPhone7). The Apple Company is a black box. Computing News story 1 Topic: Amazon has created screening videos to protect the data from theft. Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology,-35763908 Amazon is an IT based company. It consists of employees, softwares, hardwares, etc. (these are entities or actants). The outsiders can hack the data or any important or the confidential information of the company. The data can be made secure with the help of the firewall. A Firewall is made by the combination of hardware , and software , and no one (outsider) can enter inside the system. In this way, firewall helps to make the system secure (Lau, 1998). A Firewall is helpful in securing the organization from outsiders. But many organizations like Amazon the data is stolen by the colleagues of the organization. To secure data from the colleagues the Amazon Company (from March 9, 2016) has started using screening videos to protect the data from theft. They have placed these videos in its warehouses (Ted.com, 2016). Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35763908 The whole system, i.e. the employees, softwares, hardware, security system is known as a black box. The actors exchange, their messages with the help of intermediate. The actors are linked (or dependent on each other) with each other with the help of a network to achieve a common goal. The actor and a network both are dependent on each other The actor and a network both are dependent on each other. The terms, are incomplete without each other. A network is created with the help of actors, and an actor cant perform at an individual level, i.e. it can do its task without creating a network. The size of the network and the size of both actors are dependent on each other. The size of a network increases as the number of actors increases , and the size of a network decreases as the number of actors decreases. On the other h, and, the size of the actors also varies as the size of the network varies. Computing News story 2 Topic: Google has created AlphaGo, game Source: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/technology, A goal cant be achieved without the help of actors. The Google Company has created a game AlphaGo, and it wins the first prize in the world champion. It has been created by Lee Sedol , and DeepMind. In this scenario, the Lee Sedol , and DeepMind both are actants (Asia Wired UK , 2016). Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2016/mar/09/go-googles-computer-beat-chinese-games-world-champion-deepmind-alphago-lee-se-dol The google Company consists of employees, softwares, hardwares, etc. (these are entities or actants). The whole company is the black box. The actors exchange, their messages with the help of intermediate. The actors are linked (or dependent on each other) with each other with the help of a network to achieve a common goal. It consists of employees working at a lower level, middle-level, and high level or management level. The lower level employees communicate with the management level employees through the middle-level employees. So in this scenario, the middle-level employees like team lead will act as an intermediate for lower and higher level employees. Advantages, and disadvantages of contemporary computing The Internet is a big source for connecting the actants but on the other h, and it acts as a source for doing cyber-crimes. In Amazon the data is stolen by the colleagues of the company. To secure data from the colleagues the Amazon Company (from March 9, 2016) has started using screening videos to protect the data from theft. They have placed these videos in its warehouses (Ted.com, 2016). The Google Company has created a game AlphaGo, and it wins the first prize in the world champion. It has been created by Lee Sedol , and DeepMind. In this scenario, the Lee Sedol, and DeepMind both are actants. This game gets huge popularity in The East (Asia Wired UK, 2016). The video games are a good source of entertainment. There are various types of video games that act as a source of aggression in the childs behavior (On 9 March, 2016). The students of the 15 year age groups play games which are not relevant to their age. Many regulatory boards in Europe (Pegi-regulatory board), and in US are working on this issue (by creating age certifications). Conclusion The non-humans and humans are interconnected with each other through a conceptual framework. According to the Actor-Network Theory the non-humans and humans are tied to each other in the black boxes. The Actor-Network Theory is an integration of three different domains society, nature, and language. The end product of varying a network is different; it can be related to society, it can be related to technology, or it can be related to scientific facts. The Actor-Network Theory is an integration of three different domains society, nature, and language. The end product of vary a network is different; it can be related to society, it can be related to technology, or it can be related to scientific facts. The actor , and a network both are dependent on each other. The terms, are incomplete without each other. A network is created with the help of actors , and an actor cant perform at the individual level, i.e. it can do its task without creating a network. The actors are linked (or depen dent on each other) to each other with the help of a network to achieve a common goal. The different tasks are assigned to different actors, , and they have worked differently on them. References BBC News. (2016). Technology, - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology, [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. Bignon, V. , and Dutu, R. (n.d.). Coin Assaying , and Commodity Money. SSRN Electronic Journal. Bosco, H. (1994). The ATM infrastructure , and beyond. J Netw Syst Manage, 2(2), pp.91-93. Ft.com. (2016). Tech news , and technology, industry analysis - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/companies/technology, [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. Lau, O. (1998). Meta-firewall: A sixth generation firewall Part 1. A network Security, 1998(6), pp.10-16. McClure, B. (1998). The firewall behind the firewall. Computers Security, 17(4), p.325. Nyc.org. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.nyc.org/shows/notetoself [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. Oertel, G., Tornero, M. , and Groot, K. (1964). Thin-layer chromatography of steroid conjugates. Journal of Chromatography A, 14, pp.509-511. Papaioannou, A. , and Zafeiriou, S. (2014). Principal Component Analysis With Complex Kernel: The Widely Linear Model. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learning Syst., 25(9), pp.1719-1726. Ted.com. (2016). Technology, | TED.com. [online] Available at: https://ted.com/topics/technology, [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. the Guardian. (2016). Technology, | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/technology, [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. The Independent. (2016). Tech. [online] Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-, and-tech [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016]. The right biometric?. (2006). Biometric Technology, Today, 14(3), pp.8-9. Wired UK. (2016). Wired.co.uk Future Science, Culture Technology, News , and Reviews (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk [Accessed 10 Mar. 2016].

Docu

Docu-Film Babies Essay It was the absence of dialogue scripted or otherwise that caught my attention when I first viewed the docu-film, Babies. obvious that the minimal use of words was played into the overall power of the film. It was really incredible seeing the different lifestyles and parenting methods in the various countries, yet all of the babies were still developing and reaching their milestones. ? I thought that the movie did an excellent job organized each developmental stage for each of the babies lives (we see each one learning to crawl, hand eye coordination, feeding, interacting with others, etc. While each culture brought its own uniqueness to the development stage, the actual milestone remained the same. An example would be with Ponijao from Namibia. In that culture, it was not uncommon for other mothers to breastfeed other children whereas in the other cultures shown, breastfeeding was between a mother and her child. Even though Ponijao was breastfed by other women, he was still able to recognize and attach with his mother. Another thing that was interesting was Ponijao culture did not have many resources/material items (toys, diapers etc. the children there seemed to be the happiest children featured. They did not seem to mind playing with rocks or their lack of clothes. IT seemed like their mother took the primary active role in parenting and kind of had a this is what we have, make the most of it ? This leads to my next example with Mari and Hattie. I was surprised with the amount of similarities displayed to these two girls. Prior to seeing this movie, I did not realize the parenting styles were very similar (playdates, amount of toys, parents taking the children outside of the home, and involvement of the childs extended family. Previously I had just thought that these parenting styles were only common in the US, mainly the amount of toys and the child interacting with others at such a young age. Both of these two girls were provided more than enough toys, attention, things to do outside of the home yet were shown throwing the most tantrums. Mari would be in her room becoming frustrated with her toys and then throwing an all-out fit. Neither Ponijao nor Bayar displayed this, yet both of them had significantly less items. Bayar from Mongolias development, in my opinion was the most interesting. He was being raised in a rural area that consisted of just his family (yes, they did show some of the neighbors, but seeing how remote his farm was, it was not likely that they played a major role in his development). Most of the time shown with Bayar it seemed that he was left alone or with his brother while his parents were tending to the farm. Although he was left alone, he still displayed of the characteristics of development that the other children (featured in the movie) had. I thought it was very interesting how Bayars brother showed little desire (to have) interest in his brother. Being in such a remote a remote location I would think that he would want a brother as someone to spend his time with and grow together, clearly that was not the case. I also liked how there was no major focus on the parents aside from their interactions with their child. I think this style ? helped transition between the different cultures and developmental stages. While there were many cultural and economic divisions, by keeping the documentary solely based on the parent-child interactions it really helped illustrating the developmental stages regardless of childs background/culture. Bibliography: BalmÃÆ's, Thomas, dir. Babies. Writ. Alain Chabat. Canal , 2010. Film. 02 Feb 2014.

Environmental Justice Concern Of Groundwork Lawrence

Table of Contents Introduction Environmental Problems in Lawrence MA Challenges Facing the Groundwork Lawrence MA Mitigation Measures Taken Recommendations Conclusion Reference List Introduction Environmental justice (EJ) has been a thorny issue in all American states and especially Massachusetts. In the United States of America, environmental justice sprouted from uprisings among African-American and other indigenous communities who were exposed to environmental pollution from industries located in their neighborhoods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Environmental Justice Concern Of Groundwork Lawrence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Rhodes (2003), environmental justice is â€Å"the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulat ions, and policies† (p. 6). Having been necessitated by environmental injustices, environmental justice advocates took the role of lobbying for equality in accessing cleaner environments for everyone. Environmental justice advocates come in different faces among them community-based organizations that work with indigenous communities to achieve environmental justice. In Massachusetts, the Groundwork Lawrence MA is one of such nonprofit making organizations where it works with residents of Lawrence to make Lawrence a greener, cleaner, and a safer place to live in by addressing pollution issues. Groundwork Lawrence has initiated several projects that seek to transform Lawrence into a better living place. The mitigation measures are diverse and most of them have been a success in the recent past. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges facing this organization just as any other community based non-profit making organization. However, the Groundwork Lawrence has not utilized s ome measures as part of mitigating environmental justice problems. Mitigating environmental justice problems in a poor community is a real battle for Groundwork Lawrence; however, this organization has managed to put up some projects that are of use despite the many challenges it faces. Environmental Problems in Lawrence MA Pertinent environment issues in Massachusetts are similar to those experienced across different states in the United States of America. According to Advancing Environmental Justice in the Commonwealth (2010), lower income earners and minority groups are prone to environmental injustice for they have high environmental burden; moreover, they lack essential resources to counter these environmental burdens placed on their shoulders. According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2003), â€Å"25% or more of the residents are a minority, 25% or more of residents are foreign born, and 25% are lacking English language proficiency.† Minority groups and foreig ners are low-income earners, most of them earn 65% or below of the statewide average income.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These factors amplify environmental injustices in Lawrence MA. Most of these residents are unable to participate in any environmental decision making for one reason or the other (Advancing Environmental Justice in the Commonwealth, 2010). For foreigners, they cannot present their proposals due to language barrier while for low-income earners, they do not have the time to participate in decision making for they have to work for long hours to supplement their low income. This leaves a loophole through which environmental problems have infiltrated in society. The chief environmental problem in Lawrence MA is exposure to hazardous facilities and sites. According to a research carried out at Northern University by Faber and Kreig (2002), â€Å"h igh minority communities (in the context of this study, where 15 percent or more of the population are people of color) face a cumulative exposure rate to environmentally hazardous sites and facilities that is more than 20 times greater than low minority communities† (p. 12). The problem is aggravated by the fact that 70% or more of Lawrence MA are low-income earners and high minorities. Other environmental problems include presence of ‘brownfields’. Bonoris (2004) states these as environmentally degraded, abandoned, and contaminated sites resulting from yesteryear industrial development. As aforementioned, these open sites are dangerous and there seems to be little effort directed to reclaiming them. Apart from these open fields, Lawrence remains as an industrial center, unfortunately, most of the industries are located along Merrimack River and this translates to pollution of these rivers. No matter the mitigation measures taken, there has to be pollution of thi s river because waste management is a problem in these industries (Rowcroft, 2005, p. 3). Other environmental problems include presence of numerous alleys that are no longer useful. â€Å"There are 36 historic alleys throughout the city that were built by the Essex Company in the 19th century to provide worker access to the mills†¦the company no longer maintains the alleys† (Rowcroft, 2005, p. 10). Unfortunately, due to negligence of these alleys, residents have turned them into dumping sites and this causes major environmental problems to the neighboring communities. In addition, residents have turned the famous Jaques Pond into dumping site and this poses a big environmental problem to residents of Adams Street. As aforementioned, obsolete mill buildings litter Lawrence and even though this is taken as a historical heritage, these buildings have been abandoned and cannot be utilized to meet any contemporary need in society viz. socially, politically or economically amo ng other societal needs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Environmental Justice Concern Of Groundwork Lawrence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These abandoned mill buildings are contaminated thus causing environmental problems in Lawrence. The three main rivers in Lawrence are polluted due to presence of industries allover. These rivers are the Merrimack, the Spicket, and the Shawsheen. For instance, the Merrimack River cuts across the city with some diversions towards the South and North Canals to serve the mills. These diversions are highly polluted for they run through the densely industrialized portion of Lawrence (Environment Massachusetts, 2010). Finally, transportation and waste management are other environmental issues in Lawrence. Bus transport is common in Lawrence leading to air pollution. According to Environment Massachusetts (2010), annual diesel pollution causes, â€Å"450 deaths, 700 no nfatal heart attack, 9,900 asthma attack, 13,000 respirator symptoms in children and 60,000 work loss days.† These statistics are alarming; unfortunately, controlling diesel pollution in Lawrence has been a nightmare. Solid waste management posses a great challenge in creating safer environment in Lawrence. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (2000) indicates that, â€Å"some solid waste facility site assignment regulations do not protect the interests of communities near proposed solid waste facilities.† This means that the minority groups continue to endure the most of environmental injustices. It is unfortunate that even in this 21st century where technological advancements can help to deal with environmental problems, Lawrence has failed to deal with some of these issues. It is even more unfortunate that the minority, low-income earners and foreigners continue to face the greatest environmental challenges including environmental injustices. Establis hment of some organizations like the Groundwork Lawrence has brought some reprieve to these groups; however, the Groundwork Lawrence encounters numerous challenges implementing its strategies. Challenges Facing the Groundwork Lawrence MA In a bid to solve the environmental problems mentioned in this paper, Groundwork Lawrence has employed different strategies to help in the exercise. However, just like any other non-profit making organization, Groundwork Lawrence faces many challenges. According to Lester (2002), these organizations face substantial pressures including fiscal strains, increasing competition with other for-profit sectors, impact of technological changes, and, increasing concerns about the quality of the nonprofit workforce† (p. 6). Groundwork Lawrence faces the challenge of insufficient funds to facilitate smooth implementations of its projects. Residents of Lawrence have placed big expectations on the projects initiated by Groundwork Lawrence despite the fact that there are minimal resources to sustain them.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, there has been â€Å"reductions in federal and state funding; scarcer foundation and corporate giving; increasing service demands† (Jennings, 2005, p. 32). Fiscal constraints are one of the greatest challenges facing this organization. In the past, Groundwork Lawrence has been forced to cut down operational costs coupled with reducing workforce in face of financial constraints. Leadership problems have hindered the achievement of this organization’s objectives. De Vita, Fleming, and Twombly (1999), posit, â€Å"The quality of leadership is a key variable for effectiveness, entrepreneurship, and accountability on the part of community-based nonprofits† (p. 87). True to these words, leadership has been a challenge in Groundwork Lawrence. Moreover, leadership goes beyond administration and it cuts across the whole organization. In the wake of this argument, Groundwork Lawrence faces a great challenge in workforce because it depends mostly on volunteers (C igler, 1999, p. 17). As aforementioned, most of the people set to benefit from this organization are those facing environmental injustices viz. the minority groups, low-income earners and the foreigners. Unfortunately, these people face the problems discussed in this paper. Gurwitt (1995, p. 1), assert that low-income earners are busy taking a second job to supplement their low income while foreigners have language barrier and in most cases, they are not willing to participate in these projects. Finally, some state resolutions enacted by local councils stand in the way of proper functioning of this organization. Bureaucracy remains a nightmare in addressing some key environmental areas, for instance, to get a go ahead to rehabilitate one mill house takes a very long process. The approval process has to undergo numerous stages before final signature (Gurwitt, 1995, p. 7). On the other hand, the local council is trying to protect some of sites, which they call historical sites; ironic ally, these sites are abandoned and contaminated, and the council does not give clear strategies of preserving these sites as historical sits. For instance, Bellevue Cemetery is already listed as one of important historical sites appearing in the National Register. Unfortunately, the involved authorities do not elucidate how this preservation would be effected. These issues stand in the way of Groundwork Lawrence in achieving its objectives of a greener, safer, and greener environment. On the other hand, many residents do not support some of the projects. As aforementioned, Groundwork Lawrence depends largely on volunteers and if the society is not wiling to support it, then it becomes a problem. Other issues include presence of industries in these areas. Law protects these industries and taking them to task to reduce pollution may be an uphill task (Gurwitt, 1995, p. 13). For instance, if the proposed cap and trade legislation is signed into law, them it means that these industries can buy their way into polluting environment more. These are some of the challenges facing Groundwork Lawrence; however, this organization has managed to implement some mitigation measures that have worked well in the past. Mitigation Measures Taken Responding to environmental injustices, Groundwork Lawrence has come up with strategies that would bring environmental justice closer to residents. Instead of empty talk, this organization has embarked on a serious mission, which has seen implementation of more than four projects to make Lawrence a greener place as part of its mitigation measures. These projects include alley and vacant land reclamation, park development and design, urban forestry, and Spicket River greenway among others (O’Brien and McMann, 2010). As aforementioned, Lawrence holds numerous alleys that are no longer useful. In reclamation efforts, Groundwork Lawrence has come up with low impact development (LID) strategies used to turn these alleys into habitable streets. For instance, Orchard Street was once a hazardous and abandoned street; however, Groundwork Lawrence has changed this into habitable street and people are peacefully living here with extensive community garden cover. In 2004, this organization came up with Open Space Plan, which seeks to improve parks, natural resources, and recreational installations around Lawrence. This project is still underway; residents are even enjoying some of its fruits today. Another outstanding project is the North Common Alleyways Inventory. According to O’Brien and McMann (2010), this project covers over twenty streets including Orchard, Haverhill, Elm, Union, Essex, Summer, Garden, Methuen, Brook, Jackson, and Newbury Streets among others. Initially, these streets were abandoned and turned to dumping sites but with the help of locals, Groundwork Lawrence has managed to reclaim some of the streets while in others like Essex the rehabilitation work is still undergoing. According to Horsl ey Witten Group (2008), â€Å"Low Impact Development (LID) is a site design technique and landscaping that aims to preserve the natural hydrology of a site and manage storm water in an ecologically sensitive manner.† This development method is being employed in reclaiming all alleyways. In 2004, this organization initiated North Canal Restoration project that seeks to rehabilitate the North Canal through research and restoration of bridges. This project pushed Groundwork Lawrence together with Architectural Heritage Foundation to â€Å"apply for $300,000 grant from National Park Service ‘Save America’s Treasures’ program† (Groundwork Laurence, 2005, p. 1). Groundwork Laurence has implemented these projects as part of their alleyway and vacant land reclamation project. Groundwork Lawrence has come up with a project called Urban Forestry. This project seeks to increase tree canopy across Lawrence. Through youth, citizens and even homeowners, this orga nization has managed to plant thousands of trees in Lawrence. According to he Generosity Index (2002), every year, this organization holds what it calls GreenStreets/ Calles Verdes event through which it offers free seedlings to people who are willing to protect and nurture them. Through these GreenStreets, the Groundwork Lawrence has received â€Å"seed funding for a small, pilot program from the MA Dept. of Conservation and Recreation’s Environmental Justice Program† (Groundwork Laurence, 2008). Starting with eighteen seedlings in spring of 2008, this number shot to sixty seedlings in April 2009 and the expected number in 2010 is triple that of 2009. Those interested in taking care of these seedlings receive special education from one of Groundwork Lawrence arborists to gather enough information on tree caring. Trees planted throughout Lawrence adds value in homes, purify the air by taking in carbon dioxide from automotives, and cool homes by providing shade during h ot seasons among others. Above all, these trees attract birds and other wildlife that beatify Lawrence making it a better place to live. In 2004, Groundwork Lawrence sought to establish the number of trees along all streets in Lawrence. â€Å"In total, nearly 2,300 trees were assessed (â€Å"north† and â€Å"south† sections of the city), comprising 20% of Lawrence’s street tree population† (Calvin, 2005, p. 4). These efforts are geared towards availing important information for policy makers as they push for sufficient tree cover across Lawrence. For instance, this study established that Lawrence has sufficient and willing residents to achieve its objective of making Lawrence an urban forest, one of its kinds in the history of this ancient state. The only thing lacking is good management and leadership and with this information, Groundwork Lawrence can embark on providing good leadership and management. The third project cum mitigation measure is developm ent and design of parks. Groundwork Lawrence collaborates with the City of Lawrence to restore public parks through design and development of neglected parks. They also design and develop neglected open places turning them into green oases. By engaging the local communities, Groundwork identifies open spaces that would benefit the locals and turn them into useful facilities. Some of the designed and developed parks and walks include Den Rock Park and Riverwalk among others. Design and development of Riverwalk brought together Groundwork Lawrence and the Office of Senator Susan Tucker among other stakeholders like the city of Lawrence. This walkway is set to cover 1.3 miles along Merrimack River. This will enable residents and foreigners alike to have good time along the banks of Merrimack River as they relax. Groundwork is working tirelessly to ensure once the walkway is completed, its maintenance will be effective for sustenance. This project is a clear demonstration of how an orga nization can battle environmental injustice in a poor community. Under this project comes design and development of Den Rock Park. This â€Å"120-acre wooded preserve includes walking trails, a granite rock face with fissures perfect for technical climbing, scenic overlooks, and access to the Shawsheen River† (Groundwork Lawrence, 2010). This park serves not only as a recreational facility for residents but also for tourists who bring revenue to the City of Lawrence. It is interesting that Groundwork Laurence has turned environmental injustice to revenue generating exercise. Finally, development of the Spicket River Greenway has played an instrumental role in solving environmental problems in the city of Lawrence. This is a 2.5-mile network of walkways connecting schools, neighborhoods, and parks along River Spicket. Groundwork Lawrence maintains this greenway through involving neighboring communities as it pushes for involvement of everyone in this area. The Spicket River Gr eenway links the Spicket River to different parks including Dr. Nina Scarito Park, Manchester Street Park, Misservile Skate Park, and William Kennedy Community Park. These networks of green walkways adorned with trees along the paths make the city of Lawrence green, safer, and beautiful (Groundwork Lawrence, 2010). No one would think it would turn out this way but thanks to Groundwork Lawrence, the city has gone green and safer restoring the environmental justice that the City of Lawrence has experienced for a long time. Therefore, through its numerous activities, Groundwork Lawrence has achieved tremendous accomplishments as a way of dealing with environmental injustice prevalent in this area. Apart from creating safer environments, Groundwork Lawrence has gone step further to initiate public food programs and employment opportunities coupled with youth education. The work of turning environmental injustice into useful exercise in this area calls for involvement of everyone and thi s is exactly what Groundwork Laurence does. It involves the federal government, residents, youth and other organizations to pull together to change the City of Lawrence. People in this area can finally live healthy lives (Groundwork Lawrence, 2010). There are secure and safe parks and walkways through which residents can do personal exercises. In terms of food provision, this organization has established numerous gardens in schools and homes in a bid to support agriculture in this area. To offer farmers with ready market for their produce, it has established the Lawrence Downtown Farmer’s Market where farmers can sell their produce to residents. Above all, this organization prepares young people for future leadership by encouraging them to participate actively in development projects. Recommendations After careful assessment of the prevailing environmental problems in the city of Lawrence, it is evident that the environmental injustice is still prevalent in this place. Despit e the concerted efforts by Groundwork Lawrence, there seems to be environmental problems in this city of Lawrence. The issue of widespread abandoned alleys appears to be the greatest problem in this city. Unfortunately, these alleys have turned into dumping sites. Another problem is that of pollution of air by diesel effluent from buses and automotives. Groundwork Lawrence can look at these two chronic issues from two perspectives viz. engaging local authorities more and involving more residents. It is important to note that the greatest environmental problems facing people here is exposure to contaminated hazardous sites like abandoned alleys. It is apparent that residents here are reluctant to engage in any activity that would alleviate the problem of environmental injustice. Now that many residents claim to lack time for they have to work long hours, Groundwork Lawrence could consider adjusting their programs to suit these low-income earners. Leaving them behind will not help bec ause they form part of the society. For those foreigners who cannot communicate effectively, Groundwork Lawrence might consider holding open forums to interact with these people or lobbying for English speaking natives to teach these foreigners English. This would eliminate the challenge that faces this organization in terms of language barrier. As aforementioned, a survey report indicated that the city of Lawrence has enough residents who can help Groundwork Lawrence achieve its objectives; therefore, it is upon this organization to tap this potential and utilize it fully. Leadership has been cited as a major challenge facing Groundwork and better leadership is achievable through employing tested methods in hiring competent leaders. At state level, Groundwork Lawrence could consider involving government more and more into its projects. This would eliminate the nightmare of financial shortcomings. Moreover, it would enable them overcome the bureaucracy that surrounds approval of its projects. Through government, this organization may push for enactment of policies that would ensure reduction of air pollution from diesel combustion in automobiles and buses. Such policies would allow use of environment friendly practices like use of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and this would remove harmful particles up to 90% (Environment Massachusetts, 2010). It is therefore evident that all solutions needed to check environmental problems in the city of Lawrence lie within the reach of Groundwork Lawrence. This organization has made it in the past and it can make it by implementing the abovementioned recommendations. Conclusion Environmental injustices have prevailed in different communities for a long time. The city of Lawrence has not been spared by this inequality given its inhabitants. Statistics show over 70% of residents here are minorities, foreigners, or low-income earners. History has it that, environmental injustice prevails in such conditions and this has expo sed this city to the same. From historical times, the city of Lawrence has been an industrial city and as technology set in; most of the industries were abandoned leaving behind hazardous sites exposed to residents. Other environmental issues include industrial pollution, improper dumping, and diesel pollution from automobiles and buses. To counter these problems, Groundwork Lawrence has come up with strategies to make the city of Lawrence greener, safer, and eco-friendly. Through several projects, this organization has managed to rehabilitate different open alleys turning them to parks that are useful for recreation. It has initiated conservation measures along the different rivers cutting across this city. River Merrimack and Spicket have been instrumental in these rehabilitation projects. Other projects include urban forestry in which Groundwork Lawrence has managed to plant thousands of trees through collaborative efforts of residents. Nevertheless, there have been numerous chal lenges facing this organization. Fiscal constraints coupled with management issues score high in this area. Funds have been a drawback in realization of Groundwork Lawrence objectives. Another drawback is unwillingness of residents to participate in these projects due to lack of time and language barrier. Nevertheless, by involving government more and more, this organization can overcome the problem of fiscal constraints. On the issue of unyielding residents, Groundwork Lawrence may consider designing programs that fit these people. Nevertheless, the achievements that Groundwork Lawrence has accomplished through its resilience and determination is an epitome of how an organization can struggle with environmental injustice in a poor community. Reference List Advancing Environmental Justice in the Commonwealth. (2010). State Policies and Initiatives. Retrieved From,  http://www.mass.gov/envir/smart_growth_toolkit/pages/mod-ej.html Bonoris, S. (2004). Environmental Justice for All. A Fifty-State Survey of Legislation,  Policies and Initiatives. Retrieved From,  http://www.abanet.org/irr/committees/environmental/statestudy.pdf Calvin, C. (2005). The Community Trees of Lawrence, MA. Retrieved From, http://www.groundworklawrence.org/files/library/tree-survey.pdf Cigler, A. (1999). Pre-conditions for the Emergence of Multicommunity Collaborative Organizations. Policy Studies Review, 15(1): 16-23. De Vita, C., Fleming, C., Twombly, E. (1999). Building Nonprofit Capacity: A Framework for Addressing the Problem. Policy Studies Review, 16(2): 84-87. Environment Massachusetts. (2010). Cleaning Up Diesel Pollution. Retrieved From,  http://www.environmentmassachusetts.org/clean-air/cleaning-up-diesel-pollution Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2003). National air Quality and Emissions  Trends Report. Retrieved From  http://www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd03/ Faber, D., Krieg, E. (2002). Unequal exposure to ecological hazards: Environmental Injustices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Environmental Health  Perspectives, 110(2): 277-288. Groundwork Lawrence. (2005). North Canal Restoration and Enhancement Study. Retrieved From,  http://www.groundworklawrence.org/files/library/nc-study.pdf Groundwork Lawrence. (2008). GreenStreets. Retrieved From,  http://www.groundworklawrence.org/greenstreets Groundwork Lawrence. (2010). Den Rock Park. Retrieved From,  http://www.groundworklawrence.org/denrock Gurwitt, R. (1995). Social Services and Reality. Governing Magazine, 2(1): 1 Horsley Witten Group. (2008). North Common Alleyways Project. Using Low Impact  Development To Improve Lawrence Alleyways. Retrieved From,  http://www.groundworklawrence.org/files/library/alleyway-lid-guide.pdf Jennings, J. (2005). Community Based Organizations and the Nonprofit Sector In Massachusetts: Where Do We Go From Here? Retrieved From,  http://www.tufts.edu/~jjenni02/pdf/community-based.pdf Lester, M. (2002).The Resilient Sector: The State of Nonprofit America. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. (2000). Beyond 2000: Solid Waste Master Plan: Massachusetts Renews its Commitment to Waste Reduction, Recycling and Re-use. Retrieved From,  http://www.state.ma.us/dep/bwp/dswm/files/swmp.doc O’Brien, K., McMann, H. (2010). Urban Land Protection Case Study. Lawrence  Massachusetts. Retrieved From,  http://www.groundworklawrence.org/files/library/publications/gwl-ulpc-case-study.pdf Rocroft, J. (2005). Lawrence Reconnaissance Report. Retrieved From  http://www.mass.gov/dcr/stewardship/histland/reconReports/lawrence.pdf Rhodes, L. (2003). Environmental Justice in America. Indiana: Indiana University Press. The Generosity Index. (2002). Massachusetts is on the Move. The Catalogue for  Philanthropy. Retrieved From,  http://www.catalogueforphilanthropy.org This research paper on Environmental Justice Concern Of Groundwork Lawrence was written and submitted by user Brecken Kent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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